Is It What I Wore - 1504 Words

Imagine walking through the hallways of your school, of a place that has always brought you a sense of safety, a sense of hope for the future, and acted as a fountain of knowledge for the majority of your life. Now imagine being there and out of nowhere an individual, a fellow student, or even a friend grabs you, pulls you into a dark room, and maliciously attacks you. As you feel yourself lose complete control of the situation and of your body, the world around you turns to a blur and all you feel is pain. A pain that engulfs your entire being. A pain that you cannot even begin to cope with. A pain that leaves you feeling robbed of your innocence and numb to the world around you. You sit there alone and afraid and ask yourself, Why me?†¦show more content†¦For centuries societies have systematically oppressed women through the perpetuation of rape culture. The origins of the word rape, which is defined as any form of sexual intercourse committed without consent of the secon d party, come from the Greek root- to steal. The very etymology of the word rape hides within it the cultural assumptions that pervade our society’s mindset. As time has told throughout the history of law, the rape of a woman, until very recently has been seen and constructed as a property crime in which redress was awarded to a husband or father rather than to the actual victim. This objectification of women in the eyes of the law has been seen as early as the Code of Hammurabi, which stated that both the perpetrator and the victim were liable in the instance of rape and therefore are both sentenced to death. Early Hebrew law also followed this same rule of equal liability but also added concessions about the time frame and location in which the crime occurred. For example, if the rape took place within city limits it was up to the women to scream and actively portray her lack of consent in order to hopefully attract the attention of other city dwellers that would then assi st in stopping the rape. If a woman was raped outside city limits, where aid during the attack was less likely, the woman was not punished and instead the assailant was to pay a bride price and marry his victim. During the Middle Ages, specifically during the reign of

Essay on Failure of the Italian Revolutions - 765 Words

The failure of the Italian revolutions cannot be attributed to one reason as there are a plethora of reasons which could be cited as a main cause. The main reasons which could be argued as the most important reasons for the failure of the Italian revolts are the lack of organisation within revolutionary groups, the Austrian army’s strength, the political and military inexperience of those in power, the Pope’s abandonment of the revolution, the hesitation of Charles Albert to front the campaign of unity and Bonaparte’s intervention. In 1815 Italy was not recognised as a country, Metternich, an Austrian statesman, said The word Italy is a geographical expression, a description which is useful shorthand, but has none of the political†¦show more content†¦The Carbonari, in 1820, participated in a revolt in Naples against King Ferdinand’s government where the peasants and even the royal troops took part. Terrified of the revolting people, King Ferdinan d vowed to give all adult males the vote through a constitution. However, he had no intention of doing this and did not grant adult men the vote. Ferdinand told the Congress of Laibach that he had been forced to grant change and requested the Austrians to help regain order within his country. Metternich sent the superior Austrian army into Naples where they easily overcame the rebels. The savage treatment of his people caused uproar and in 1821 the peasants took over Turin, the capital of Sardinia-Piedmont, causing the king (Victor Emmanuel) to relinquish his role and hand power to his nephew, Charles Albert. Victor’s brother, Charles Felix was unhappy with Charles Albert acting as Victor’s replacement and asked Metternich to help him stop the revolts. The Austrian Army marched in again and controlled the peasants but Charles Albert was forced to flee due to his promise of change to the rebels. There were more revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States in 1831 led b y the Carbonari but yet again the Austrian army quelled them. Also, when Charles Albert reclaimed power in Sardinia there was hope he would support liberal ideas but he left people disillusioned by his cowardice in not supporting reform so not toShow MoreRelatedHow far do you agree that the limited appeal of Mazzinis ideas was the main reason for the slow progress of national unity in Italy in the years 1815-48?1527 Words   |  7 Pagesideas (to some groups of people) merely contributed somewhat as to why progress was slow; and therefore can be seen to be a conditional factor, rather than a contingent one. Mazzini’s nationalist ideas were not only unpopular with members of the Italian states – Austria too opposed such ideology of national unity for Italy. Austria was a significant factor in the slow progress of national unity following the Congress of Vienna, 1815. At this congress, it was decided that the states of Lombardy, TuscanyRead MoreHistory-failure of Italian Revolutionaries1074 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿History Essay-Miss guly How far do you agree that the failure of Italian revolutionaries in the years 1820-49 was primarily due to a lack of popular support? (30) There were several factors affecting the failure of the Italian revolutionaries in the years 1820-49. Although the lack of popular support was a contributing factor, it is far less significant when compared to other aspects of the failure such as the intervention and military strength of Austria, the lack of unity between various revolutionaryRead MoreEssay about The Revolutions of 18481045 Words   |  5 PagesThe revolution of 1848 encompassed many of the European countries. The revolutions sweeping across Europe included Germany, Italy, and France, excluding Russia and England. 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The Future of Cruise Industry Free Essays

The Future of Cruise Industry Abstract Cruise industry has rapidly developing since 1990s; it becomes not only as transportation tool, but a modern way of travel and even lifestyle. It is regarded as ‘floating resorts’. This journal article focuses on the future development of cruising industry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Future of Cruise Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now It examines cruise industry on five main factors: the structure of the industry: high concentration and enter of Low-Cost cruise lines; the potential customers: whether aging population or young generation would be the major group of consumers; destinations and markets: define the most popular destinations and core markets, as well as the exploration of new markets and destinations; the new innovation of sea-based apartment, the safety and security issues, which significant raised concern recently; and whether the cruise industry is environmental sustainable. Three key sources are used to compare and contrast the viewpoints: Hospitality 2010, which is written by Dr. Cetron; Cruise Ship Tourism, written by Dr. Dowling; and the Cruise Ship Experience, written by Dr. Douglas. These key sources are very up-to-date and reliable, the key authors are admitted as experts whether in the business or academic field, their works are in line with the topic. This journal article identifies current situation and the future developing trends of the cruise industry. It concludes that he cruise industry has a very bright future if proper measurements and regulation are being introduced and well implemented. Nowadays, Cruise industry is concerned as the most rapid growing sector in hospitality industry, which the business is expanding by 8 percent annually. In some specific area such as Alaska and Caribbean, it remains the top industry that contributes to the economy. Cruising business is expanding and changing world-wide; however, the industry is little understood by the society. Today, ships are not viewed as a means of transport but as floating resorts. Mega ships were introduced to carry more than 5,000 people; new ports on call and destinations are been discovered and on the way of developing the business. However, accomplished by the booming of the industry, several issues have been risen concerns on. This journal article will discuss six issues relate to the developing trends of cruise industry: the structure of the industry and further trends; the potential passengers; the existing and potential markets and destinations; the sea-based apartment—will it be popular; the concern of safety and security which is considered as primary factor due to the terrorist attacks; and the environmental issue: should corporations be self-guarded or forced to implement regulations. The thesis statement of the article is that cruise industry will overcome the difficulties and have a fortunate future. The secondary research is based on both quantitative and qualitative data, include case studies, statistics and in-depth interviews. To support the secondary data, a primary research was conducted in the form of questionnaire. The sample gathered fourty international students that majoring in hospitality and tourism management in Sydney. The sample was gained from the Carrick College, International College of Management, Sydney and Holmes College. The nationalities are varies, include Sweden, Norwegian, Australian, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. The questionnaire combines ‘Yes or No’ questions, multiple choices and short answers. These questions are in line with secondary data that discussed in the journal article, identify whether people are interested and willing to experience cruising in the future. The aim of primary research is to explore whether the responses are support or against Dr Dowling (2006), Dr. Cetron (2006) and Dr. Douglas (2004)’ findings. Literature Review Ideas from two key sources are used to compare and contrast in this journal article. The first key source is chapter 8 from Hospitality 2010, which is written by Dr. Marvin J. Cetron, who is a professional forecaster for over 40 years admitted both by corporate and American government. He is admitted as an expert in the fields of technological forecasting, strategic planning, technology assessment, Ramp;D planning, resource allocation, economics, marketing, and the behavioral sciences. Dr. Cetron has written 36 books, numerous articles and papers. His most popular works are future orientated. Hospitality 2010 is written in the form of business report and is considered American biased (Hall, 2007); Chapter 8 explores most of the aspects of cruising industry briefly which brought out discussion. It examines potential trends and problems such as waste management, aging population and future destinations that are particularly useful for this journal article. Dr. Ross K. Dowling is Foundation Professor and Head of Tourism in the School of Marketing, Tourism and Leisure, Faculty of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia. Professor Dowling is an international speaker, author, researcher and consultant on tourism with over 200 publications. He is passionate about Cruise Industry and he has lectured on board Silver Cloud around the east coast of Australia and New Zealand. The second source: Cruise Ship Tourism is the first comprehensive academic book to raise the awareness of cruise industry. It analyses current status of cruise industry and investigates a number of industry issues and predicts the future trends. This book gives clear direction from academic viewpoint. The third key source is The Cruise Experience written by Dr. Norman Douglas and Dr. Ngaire Douglas. Dr. Norman Douglas is Director of Pacific Profile and has taught at the University of New South Wales, the University of the South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Hawai’i. Dr. Ngaire Douglas is Associate Professor in the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. The Cruise Experience examines cruising today, the economic impacts of cruising, and case studies from various perspectives. The Structure of Cruise Industry No doubt, three major companies control about 80% of the cruise market worldwide. The top three companies are Carnival Corporation, Royal Caribbean and Star Cruise. While the cruise industry’s capacity is increasing, the number of cruise companies is shirking. Douglas (2004) states that the move towards oligopoly will continually contribute to the disappearance of the mid-sized independent cruise companies which are rating from three-to-four star; only companies which have their own niche market or have strong economic background will survive. Furthermore, the Carnival Corporation aims not only the ‘world leading cruise lines’, but ‘the world only cruise line’. It means more cruise lines would likely be merged in the future; the concentration in the industry is possibly to increase even further (Dowling, 2006). Klein (2002) identifies bankruptcies as another reason for high concentration of the industry. In 2000 and 2001, seven cruise companies have ceased operations, include Premier Cruises, Commodore Cruise Line, Cape Canaveral Cruise Line and World Cruise Company, which eliminated more than 7,000 berths. Klein (2002) observes that the cruise industry’s expansion would be greater if the bankruptcies were not happened. Besides concentration that highly emphasised by experts, Dr. Dowling (2006) argues that Low Cost Cruising would make a significant growth of the industry. For example, Low Budget ‘no-frills’ style airlines had made a success in 2000s, such as Midway Airlines and SunJet Airlines. In 2005, the founder of one of the Low Cost airlines, EasyJet, has started a Low Cost no frills cruise line EasyCruise in Europe, targeted at younger generation between 20 and 40 years old; more than half of the customers are British, followed by Americans, Germans and the Swiss. Dr. Dowling (2006) asserts that there will be a rapidly growing niche market for low cost cruises. Potential Passengers According to Dr. Dowling (2006), a recent survey has shown that the passengers are becoming more youthful and are demanding more active itineraries. Take example of Alaska, the average age of passengers has fallen from 65 to 50 during 2004-2005. Furthermore, Dr. Dowling (2006) claims that family orientated cruises is becoming increasingly popular and will become a major niche market in future. Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA, 2004) showed 16% of cruisers bring children under age of 18 years sailed on their member line ships in 2004, which estimated number of more than one million. Dr. Cetron (2006) agrees that younger travelers form a profitable market for family cruising; to build up brand loyalty is one of the biggest advantages of catering them, cruise companies considered them as the most profitable cruisers for their later lives. Dr. Dowling (2006) observes that compare to younger generation, the number of full-time retirees is declining due to the fact that mid-career baby boomers now make up the largest market for cruises of 42%. In contrast, Dr. Cetron (2006) strongly argued that due to the fact that people are living longer and growing older on average, these people make up a growing segment of the cruise market. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, people over 65 were only 8% of the population in 1950 in the developed world, but 15% in 2000 and will be 27% in 2050. In some countries like Japan, the number will climb up to 37%. Secondly, senior generation take the longest and most luxurious cruises. Different from family and budget-minded passengers, elder people prefer small ships and regardless of the money just to have good times. They would be very profitable for cruise operators. Thirdly, Dr. Cetron (2006) believes that the growth of over 65 market will moderate the regular seasonality of tourism, because retirees can travel at any time; this can help cruise operators to adjust their cash flow. In addition, some cruise lines have already targeted retirees as core market and adjust their service to suit the market; Dr. Cetron (2006) recommends this market has potential consuming strength that could definitely increase revenue for the cruise company; others should follow their lead. New Markets and Destinations A number of new markets and destinations are rapidly recognised in the cruise sector. Dr. Cetron (2006) illustrates that by 2010, China is expected to be the single largest source of international tourists in the world, displacing Americans, Japanese and Germans. He predicts that 100 million Chinese will travel globally in 2020; even 1% of them take cruise trip, the market size will be more than doubled. In the meanwhile, although Dr. Dowling (2006) concerns China as a potential market as well, he suggests more studies should be conducted before enter of the market to understand and explore the possibility to develop cruise industry in China. Another emerging cruise destination both Dr. Cetron (2006) and Dr. Dowling (2006) have strongly emphasised is the Indian Ocean. South Africa and the Eastern African ports have already established some trade, 0. 2% of the world market, as Dr. Dowling (2006) states; the National Ports Authority is working on the development of the cruise industry in this region in order to ensure that efficient, effective services and facilities are provided to cruise liners to populate the South African coastline. As Dr. Cetron (2006) observes, cruise lines will begin to offer cruises and on board amenities suited native Indian’s taste and serve the local market. A New Innovation: Sea-based Apartment Dr. Dowling (2006) states that another area of potential expansion in the future is the rise of service apartment ships. These type of ships represent another type of community, the service include Clinique, swimming pools, several restaurants, grocery stores tennis court, disco, book store, mini golf course and helicopter pad. Already there is one privately owned residential cruise liner, the world, which houses 110 apartments that have already sold out, running the business. The residents mainly come from Europe and the USA. However, some apartments usually being left empty and treated as holiday homes. Dr. Dowling (2006) concludes that the possibility of whether sea-based apartment is a new opportunity for cruise lines or just a short term fashion will be identified by time. Safety and Security Anderson (2005) described security issues facing cruise industry include piracy, terrorism, drug smuggling, sexual assault and stowaways (Dowling, 2006). Piracy is a form of terrorism that exists for a long time. However, it has been largely ignored by the community due to the frequency of attacks. Dr. Dowling (2006) demonstrates the main cruise ships routes of piracy include the Straits and Malacca, the Red Sea and Indonesian and Malaysian waters. Another issue which has continually raising the concern is terrorism, despite of the infrequency of attack of cruise lines. The Caribbean has been identified as a major area of terrorist attack. Dr. Dowling (2006) detected that terrorist incidents within the cruise industry has been very rare, which is less than 2% of all terrorist attacks in the last thirty years. It may due to difficulty of accessibility and the specialist skills compare the way to attack land-based targets (Chalk, 2002). Dr. Cetron (2006) argued that cruise ships are ideal targets for terrorists who are willing to sacrifice themselves as they can take large number of people with them. The second reason is, as the government facilities and land-based buildings are becoming harder to attack, cruise ships are currently facing great risk. Furthermore, 94 percent of American rate the hotel safety as a primary factor in order to decide where to stay (Cetron, 2006). Regarding cruises as floating hotels, terrorism becomes a top concern for passengers. Both Dr. Cetron (2006) and Dr. Dowling (2006) mentioned the highjack of the Italian cruise liner â€Å"Achille Lauro† in 1985, which a US citizen was killed. Great emphasis of improving passengers’ safety and security was implemented immediately after the attack. Even though, bomb threats on board have never stopped, accomplished by people being killed. Recently, The International Ship and Port Safety (ISPS) Code was fully implemented in order to control the situation. Dr. Dowling (2006) emphasises US and Australia have higher security measures than other countries to prevent terrorist attacks on maritime targets. In addition, Australia has some of the most secure ports in the world including the USA. Dr. Dowling (2006) concludes that there is little the industry can do to prevent terrorism, however, it can be minimised through better security both at sea and in port. In addition, Dr. Cetron predicts that the legislation will be much tighter in the future regarding to the prevention of terrorism on board. Environmental Sustainability: Environmental Policy Challenges The question has been raised that whether cruise industry is environment sustainable or not. As the primary survey shows, environmental issues are not being realised seriously by society. Surprisingly, 74 percent of the sample responded with no clue of what environmental impact the cruise industry would cause, which is very shock. In fact, the destinations that located in biodiversity hotspots are being highly concerned as they have the most diverse and threatened environments on Earth. The destinations include the Caribbean, The Mediterranean, Western Mexico, the Panama Canal Zone and the South Pacific. Over the last 40 years, the governments have already made some progress and implementing environmentally responsible legislation and policy guidelines. However, Furger (1997); Freeman (1997); Luke (1997) and Sinclair (1997) argues that â€Å"current debate shows ongoing progress will not be accomplished by government intervention alone† (cited in Dowling, 2006). To examine whether self-regulation and voluntary guidelines or control regulation is more suitable for the cruise industry, two case studies from Juneau, Alaska, USA and Sydney, NSW, Australia are examined in the article. No doubt, the state of Alaska has the strictest regulations for cruise ships in the world, as the state regards the industry as primary factor that contribute to the local economy. The sewage and grey water discharge are especially strict in Juneau. Dr. Dowling (2006) states The Clean Water Act in the USA allows sewage to be dumped into the ocean beyond 3 miles of shore but not navigable water. Grey Water can be discharged anywhere in the USA but Alaska and the Great Lakes. Once the legislation has set, cruise companies responded voluntarily and showed their enthusiasm to go beyond compliance, which effect their marketing, reputation and economic value. Their strategies include best practice management, eco-labelling and green marketing. In the meanwhile, innovative technology in the form of advanced on-board wastewater treatment facilities was introduced by the cruise industry that is commonly applied to the cruise ships today. However, Dr. Klein (2002) argues that environmental responsibility can never voluntarily assumed due to the disappointed history. Dr. Klein (2002) describes the pattern that most industry innovations follow is, deny their faulty behaviour, persuade government to not implement regulations, resist enforcement, and after being caught, announce new company’s regulations. He maintains that self-regulation is the way cruise companies to escape from being caught. The situation in Sydney is a reverse of Juneau, where ‘regulation stifles innovation and discourages beyond compliance behaviour’ (Dr. Dowling, 2006). The legislation of ‘no-discharge’ in Sydney has made shipping agents frustrated. In Juneau, those ships with the state-of-art wastewater systems can discharge continuously cannot make exceptions from no-discharge policy applies at Sydney Harbour. To reply these unhappy operators, Sydney ports argue that even advanced wastewater system installed in cruises, produce still excess nutrients (Sydney waterways, 2003). However, no-charge policy has made the new system become a financial liability to cruise companies. They have to afford the cost of installing and operating the system but still have to pay for sewage disposal. To reduce the cost, cruise companies use older ships with older technologies instead of new ships in Australia; they argue that the no-charge policy is actually posing a degree of harm to the environment, which because older ships poses even more environmental hazards. In summary, experts support various viewpoints: Sinclair (1997) noted that mix of policy mechanisms and technological innovation should be involved; Klein (2002) asserts the industry requires strong legislations to control the corporations’ behaviour; on the other hand, Rondinelli (2000) believes more industry self-regulation would work. The key author Dr. Dowling (2006) concludes that due to the failure of corporations to build up their credibility and continually being caught and charged, cruise companies should not be trusted by self-regulation; Dr. Dowling (2006) observes strong legislation would best control the disposal issue and maintains environmental sustainability efficiently. Conclusion It is obvious cruise industry is big business; not only for cruise operators, but valuable for many nations, cities, ports and communities. Just in North American region in 2004, it provided 135,000 jobs and contributed US$30 billion on the US economy, which increased more than 18% over the previous year. The business structure will be very similar to the current airline industry, which dominate by oligopolists but small growing sector for Low Cost cruises; and these large companies might implement predation strategy, increase the frequency of sailing routes and depress the prices to drive Cost cruises out, like what American Airline did in 1990s. Secondly, the passengers will not only be concentrated on elder generation, but involved all age groups; different cruise lines will particularly target different groups when considering purchase new vessels and planning market strategies. Thirdly, the progress of developing cruise industry in developing countries is on their ways, the future markets and destinations will not be only in developed nations, but spread globally. Next, the trend of sea-based apartment is difficult to predict, but due to the luxury and extremely high price of purchasing, one thing cannot deny that it is entertain for upper class only. Furthermore, due to the continue impact from terrorist attack and risen concern from passengers, the policy of safety and security will be increasingly tighter with new detecting technology involved. Lastly, the environmental sustainability issue will never be finished the discussion. In my opinion, doesn’t matter what action people take into account, when there is human activities, it will be no longer sustainability. However, due to the fact that it is merely impossible for human being to stop discovering the Earth, what government and non-profitable orgnisations can do is to minimise our influence to the environment, establish more policies to regulate and strict activities with monitoring, because I believe deeply that self-regulation will never work, as long as the improper discharge of wastes can save their cost. At the very end, I strongly believe the cruise industry will have a very bright future, for the cruise operators, the consumers, the employment, the society and the governments. References Cetron, M. (2006). Hospitality 2010— the Future of Hospitality and Travel. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Dowling, R. K. (2006). Cruise Ship Tourism. London: CABI. Douglas, N. amp; Douglas, N. (2004). The Cruise Experience – Global and Regional Issues in Cruising. London: CABI. Ebersold, W. B. Business Briefing: Global Cruise– Cruise Industry in Figures. 2004). [Online]. Available: http://www. touchbriefings. com/pdf/858/ebersold. pdf [Accessed 2008, April 1]. Klein, A. R. (2002). Cuise Ship Blues—The Underside of the Industry. Canada: New Society Publishers Ye, W. China’s Cruise Economy is Ready to Bloom. (2007). [Online]. Available: http://www. ccyia. com/english/News_View. asp? NewsID=154 [Accessed 2008, March 31]. Choi, C. Q. (2007, March 25). Cruise Lines Face More Policing of Waste Disposal. The New York Times. P5. Appendix Survey on Cruise Industry 1. Have you ever been taken a cruise trip? Yes No 2. Are you willing to take a cruise trip in the future? Yes No Not sure 3. Which type of cruise do you prefer? A. Small luxury ships with personalised service B. Big ships, 1000 – 2000 passengers, probably need to Queue for amenities/facilities C. Budgeted cruise trip 4. Who would you likely to travel with? A. Friends B. Family C. Alone 5. How many days do you prefer to spend on cruising? A. 3 days B. 3 to 7 days C. 14 days D. A month 6. What is your spending expectation during the stay on a cruise? A. AU$50 to 100 B. AU$100 To 300 C. More than AU$300 7. Is there any destinations you wish to visit? Eg, the Caribbean, Alaska, Australia round trip, Antarctic, Malaysia/Indonesia, China 8. Why you choose cruise trips but not land-based hotels/resorts? Give one or more reasons. 9. What is the most important factor that you consider when choosing a route or cruise line? 10. Do you know the cruise lines are damaging the environment especially the marines? If yes, what things should be done to prevent/reduce the impact of cruise industry? How to cite The Future of Cruise Industry, Papers

Economics for Business Appropriate Business Ideas

Question: Describe about the Economics for Business of Appropriate Business Ideas. Answer: Introduction Economics for Business is a subject that helps to observe and analyse the economic outcomes of an activity from the point of view of economists. The study of Economics of Business helps to analyse the benefits and issues related with a strategy that helps in proper decision making. The paper has been developed to answer two questions on the perspective of economic outcomes of two major activities. The study explains the impact of technology on the newspaper sales and police crackdowns on illicit drugs in the Northern Territory. Furthermore, the study recommends innovative ideas that can be helpful in making appropriate decisions while implying new strategies. Analysis The digital media such as the internet has entirely destroyed the revenue structure of printed newspapers all over the international market. According to the World Association of Newspapers, the stiff challenges of the conventional printed newspaper industry are not restricted in the US or UK markets. Due to digital media, traditional newspapers have vanished half of their classified Print and Advertising revenue. In the current scenario of modern technological efficiency, sales of the newspaper have been falling radically over the last two decades (Marshall, Moncrief, Rudd, Lee, 2012). Through the identification of the primary drivers leading to the situation, as an Economists standpoint, some instrumental discussions have been argued to the Board of Directors of ABC Newspaper. Meanwhile, the discussion and the economics for the current business scenario can be utilised to deliver significant advice to be followed by the newspaper agency. Figure: Print Revenue versus Online Revenue Source: (Mazzoleni Vigevani, 2013) In the current business scenario, a graph can be shown to the Board of Directors to identify the comparison of print revenue and online revenue generated in the contemporary markets. Meanwhile, since 2000, the print media revenue has been continuously declining against digital revenue. In the year 2000, the revenue generated by print media such as newspapers were recorded to be more than $65 billion whereas in 2013 the figure has touched as low as below $20 billion (Schrape, 2013). Conversely, the online revenue has explored the market at a robust pace. As a result of the decline of the sales, the print media advertising revenue has been decreased considerably in the past decade or so (Rodman, 2008). Therefore, looking at the demand perspective of the global buyers, the newspaper circulation must be reduced so that the cost of production can be manageable to some extent. Figure: Number of Newspaper Firms Source: (Mazzoleni Vigevani, 2013) On the other hand, in the last decade and a half, the number of newspaper firms has also been declined drastically due to the revenue decline in print media advertising. Meanwhile, in 2000, there were around 6200 newspaper firms wherein 2013, the revised figure showed 4500 newspaper firms operating in the market area. Through the understanding of the headwinds in the print media advertising, the Board of Directors of ABC Newspaper must be advised to improvise at the e-Newspaper to manage the target demographics popularity (Mazzoleni Vigevani, 2013). Moreover, by reducing the circulation of the newspapers, ABC Newspaper should target to stop the newspaper printing in the upcoming decade or so concentrating primarily on electronic media. Figure: Broadsheet newspaper circulation Source: (Speck Elliott, 2016) On the commercial propagation, a review of the broadsheet of newspaper circulation of the biggest market operators must be presented to the Board of Directors to make a realistic decision. The above figure has been given to show the dismal broadsheet of newspaper circulation of the most popular newspapers around the international market. Significantly, all of the favourite newspapers have shown a decline in newspaper circulation since 2007. By considering the poor market performance of the biggest market players of the newspaper industry, the Board of Directors must be advised to consider the conventional newspaper as one of the sources of news to promote electronic media to the target demographics at a reasonable pricing (Kaiser Song, 2009). The online e-paper of ABC Newspaper may find a massive number of subscribers as the online readers will find interest in the electronic copy following the demand trend. Figure: Time Spent versus Ad Spending on different Media Source: (Schrape, 2013) Despite the global heritage of newspaper, the modern social public has seemed to be spent more time on the internet platform. Herein, a graph has been specified to identify the time spent and advertising spending on different media in recent times. Surprisingly, the internet has been identified as the most profitable resource as 38% of the time has been spent by the public on the internet platform. Also, the advertisement spent has been upgraded to 8% in the same section. Conversely, the newspaper has shown the largest downside as social people have spent merely 8% of the time with newspaper. As a result, the advertisement spent has been reduced to 20% in the same media. Hence, from an economists standpoint, the Board of Directors must be suggested to identify the endless opportunities in the e-marketing so that the organisation can increase their profitability through the online advertising resources (Yu, Qi, Zhao, 2013). Under the given scenario, being realistic, the sales of the newspaper cannot be increased due to the presence of the internet platform. The reading trends and distribution of news have created significant headwinds for the conventional newspaper agencies (Cameron Haley, 2012). Therefore, on the basis of the business economics and demand perspective, e-Newspaper must be highlighted reducing the circulation of printed form of the news. In this way, the cost of production will be reduced by a significant margin. 2: Police Crackdowns are used to cut the supply of illicit drugs by reducing criminal and dealers overload. It has been found through research that in maximum cases there is a negative impact of the police crackdown that leads to increase in drug-related violence, murder and gun crime in a region (Engs Mulqueeny, 2013). Hence, the study has been developed to analyse the effect of increase police crackdown on illicit drugs and the health awareness programs along with increase penalties on use of illicit drugs over the Northern Territory. In order to proceed with the study, it is important to keep in mind that the demand of illicit drugs is assumed to be perfectly inelastic (Goodman Moynihan, 2012). Hence, the study presents the impacts using theoretical concepts and facts from previous researches. (a) Increase police crackdowns Increased police crackdowns on illicit drugs leads to fall in the number of dealers for a short span of time. But, due to perfectly inelastic demand of illicit drugs, the arrested drug dealers are replaced by new competitors in the long run. Hence, a negative impact can be evident due to increased crackdowns of police (Milmo, 2010). The effect of increased police crackdowns on illicit drugs are discussed herein below: Positive Impact The police of Northern Territory will take action against the drug dealers and agents. This will reduce the supply of illicit drugs in the region leading to rise in the price (Rowe, Wiggers, Wolfenden, Lynn Francis, 2010). A diagram has been presented below for better understanding. Figure: Demand and Supply of Illicit Drugs in the Short Run Source: (Cooper, Moore, Gruskin, Krieger, 2015) It can be seen that the supply falls in the short run from S1 to S2 due to decline in the number of dealers. It leads to rise in the price of illicit drugs in the Northern Territory from P1 to P2. Negative Impact It is expected that the number of dealers will be replaced by new competitors due to high rate of profitability because of the increase in price. Furthermore, there will a gang war to replace the older position of the dealers (Scott, 2004). Furthermore, the drug dealers will be ready to pay penalties to seek high profitability from the illegal business. A diagram has been presented for better understanding. Figure: Demand and Supply of Illicit Drugs in the Long Run Source: (Cooper, Moore, Gruskin, Krieger, 2015) It can be seen that due to fall in supply, the demand will increase at a higher pace that will further promote the price of illicit drugs in the territory. Hence, new dealers will replace the older ones to seek high profitability. Hence, it can be expected that the crime rate will increase in the long run. (b) Health awareness programs and increased penalties The health awareness programs will help to educate the population of Northern Territory about the serious health problems related to illicit drugs. Hence, it will make the young generation and new potential buyers aware of the fact that will control the increasing demand for the illicit drugs in the region (Wood, 2004). Furthermore, the increased penalties for illicit drug use will also help to control the demand in the market (Atkinson, 2013). Hence, these two strategies can be used to control the demand of illicit drugs in the Northern Territory. But, it will have certain negative impact over the government that is discussed herein below: High expenses: The government of NT needs to spend high amount of money on the resources that are used to increase the police crackdowns on illicit drugs. Along with that, there is a need of huge fund to conduct the health awareness programs (Scott, 2004). Hence, the strategies to reduce illicit drugs dealings in the region will cost the government with a high amount of money. Impact on the rest of the criminal justice system: The crackdowns lead to increased workload over the other departments of the government. Hence, the offenders are offered with lenient sentences in place of high investigation (Wood, 2004). Furthermore, the crackdowns force the other prisoners and cases out of the system. Opportunity Cost: It is important to note that allocating larger resources to stop crime in one sector will increase the level of crime in other fields. For example, crackdowns on illicit drugs will increase murders and gun crimes. Hence, the increased allocation of resources to stop illicit drugs will have opportunity cost over the government (Scott, 2004). Impact on Police Community relations: The increased crackdowns negatively impact the police-community relations that may lead to a civil war in the region. It is the primary reason for urban riots. Hence, it can be seen from the above analysis that increase crackdowns on illicit drugs increases crime and have negative effects over the NT government. Hence, there is a need of proper cost analysis before implementing new policies in the region. Conclusion Under the existing circumstances on the basis of given scenarios, the Board of Directors of ABC Newspaper must identify the role of e-Newspaper to improve the sales of the newspaper. Moreover, in order to improve the revenue figures of the agency, online advertising must be inevitable. In case of the second scenario, understandably, there will be both negative as well as position effect of police crackdown. Meanwhile, such regime can influence the prices of drugs to move upwards. At the same time, increase crackdowns on illicit drugs increases crime and have negative effects over the NT government as well. References Atkinson, L. (1993). Aboriginal Youth, Police and the Juvenile Justice System in Western Australia.Children Australia,18(01), 14-19. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003278 Cameron, G. Haley, J. (2012). Feature Advertising: Policies and Attitudes in Print Media.Journal Of Advertising,21(3), 47-55. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1992.10673375 Cooper, H., Moore, L., Gruskin, S., Krieger, N. (2005). The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors ability to practice harm reduction: A qualitative study.Social Science Medicine,61(3), 673-684. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.030 Engs, R. Mulqueeny, K. (1983). A survey of drug use and attitudes toward drugs among male law students and police trainees in Queensland, Australia: A research note.Journal Of Criminal Justice,11(1), 57-66. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(83)90098-3 Goodman, A. Moynihan, D. (2012).The silenced majority. Chicago: Haymarket Books. Kaiser, U. Song, M. (2009). Do media consumers really dislike advertising? An empirical assessment of the role of advertising in print media markets.International Journal Of Industrial Organization,27(2), 292-301. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2008.09.003 Marshall, G., Moncrief, W., Rudd, J., Lee, N. (2012). Revolution in Sales: The Impact of Social Media and Related Technology on the Selling Environment.Journal Of Personal Selling And Sales Management,32(3), 349-363. https://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pss0885-3134320305 Mazzoleni, G. Vigevani, G. (2013).Mapping digital media. London: Open Society Foundations. Milmo, C. (2010).Crackdowns on drug dealers led to rise in violent crime, study finds.The Independent. Retrieved September 2016, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/crackdowns-on-drug-dealers-led-to-rise-in-violent-crime-study-finds-1955131.html Rodman, G. (2008).Mass media in a changing world. Boston: McGraw Hill. Rowe, S., Wiggers, J., Wolfenden, L., Lynn Francis, J. (2010). Establishments Licensed to Serve Alcohol and Their Contribution to Police-Recorded Crime in Australia: Further Opportunities for Harm Reduction*.Journal Of Studies On Alcohol And Drugs,71(6), 909-916. https://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2010.71.909 Schrape, K. (2013). Print media in the advertising markets of the future.Journal Of Media Economics,6(1), 52-72. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997769309358234 Scott, M. (2004).Center for Problem-Oriented Policing | Response Guides | The Benefits and Consequences of Police Crackdowns.Popcenter.org. Retrieved September 2016, from https://www.popcenter.org/Responses/police_crackdowns/print/ Speck, P. Elliott, M. (2016). Predictors of Advertising Avoidance in Print and Broadcast Media.Journal Of Advertising,26(3), 61-76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1997.10673529 Wood, E. (2004). Displacement of Canada's largest public illicit drug market in response to a police crackdown.Canadian Medical Association Journal,170(10), 1551-1556. https://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1031928 Yu, X., Qi, Z., Zhao, Y. (2013). Support Vector Regression for Newspaper/Magazine Sales Forecasting.Procedia Computer Science,17, 1055-1062. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.05.134

Beat the Block

BEAT THE BLOCK In the world of writing, writer’s block is an inevitable beast even the most valiant of writers must take on. After all, writing full time is not for the faint of heart. Luckily, there are a few tricks of the trade to keep the brain functioning and the creativity flowing even when the ugly beast is breathing fire in your face. 1. Turn the computer screen off. Sometimes, the brain can get caught up in â€Å"rules† of writing†¦grammar, spelling, punctuation. Typing with the screen off can be an easy way to set yourself free from the restraints of your sixth grade English teacher’s nasty rules since you won’t be able to see any â€Å"mistakes† made while typing. Focus on putting down good content so when it comes time to see what you’ve written, the writing will be full of substance, not rules. 2. Change up the scenery. Take your laptop outside on a sunny day. Sip an espresso at a local coffee shop. Or simply move to another room in your house. Whatever you do, change it up. We all know routine can become stagnant, and a new scene gives your thoughts the freedom to explore new territory. 3. Forget the norm. Change your font color†¦and font for that matter. Who said that writing had to be boring and plain old black and white? Choose a font and/or color that’s representative of your mood and personality. Feeling frustrated? Write in bold red. Happy? How about yellow cursive? The point is, get away from the norm and you might just find a favorite new way to get the word out. 4. Make an outline. Writers can often become overwhelmed by a large project. Outline the main aspects of your work, then go back and begin to flesh it out with details. Developing an outline organizes your long work into workable and attainable pieces making the writing process seem a lot less daunting. 5. Draw a map. (This is the outline for the visual learner.) Remember making idea webs in junior high English class? Well, you’re not too old to get back in the habit. Start by circling the main idea in the middle of your page, then branch off with relevant subject matter and branch again with supporting details. Pretty soon, your ideas are thoroughly represented visually on a page, and the writing process becomes so much easier. 6. Keep a list of ideas. As a writer, pen and paper are your tools, and you should never be without them. Keep an ongoing list of topics and ideas, writing them down as you think of them. This way, your idea well will never run dry. Have another way to beat the Block? Share with us. We’d love to hear your ideas.

Nivea Visage Young Case

Nivea Visage Young Case Free Online Research Papers Introduction This case answer contains an analysis of the marketing mix in the product launch of Nivea Visage Young. The marketing mix is the combination of elements used by an organization to market their product and to meet the customers’ needs. We can also refer to the marketing mix as the four P’s: Product, Place, Price and Promotion, which in the right balance to each other work together to attain the aims and objectives of the organization. In order analysis this case properly, we have looked at how Nivea balance the four P’s trying to determine the strengths and weaknesses of this combination and consider potential threats. Finally, we have tried to come up with ways or possible solutions to strengthen the Nivea Visage Young brand, better satisfy the consumers and deal with competitors. Firstly we will start by understanding the origin of the Nivea Visage Brand, then analyzing the 4’Ps in the marketing mix and finally present some solutions for possible problems in the case and conclude it. Introducing the origin of the Nivea Visage Young brand Beiersdorf is a German company founded in 1882 with headquarters situated in Hamburg. It is manufacturing and selling international consumer goods worldwide and specializes in the evolution of personal health and beauty care. Nivea is the core brand of Beiersdorf and in 2008 the Nivea products contributed to approximately 86% of Beiersdorf Group’s total sales. It is one of the leading skin beauty care brands on the international market.The brand was launched in 1911 and was given the name NIVEA, that evolved from the Latin word â€Å"niveum or niveus† meaning snow, his imagination in association to the cream’s pure-white appearance. Nivea Visage Young is the most recent edition to the series of Facial care by Nivea. It includes several separate products making up a specialized skincare regime for young girls aged from 13-19 years old. The Nivea Visage Young range is mild and gentle and its objective is to leave the skin clean, fresh and without a shiny look. Product A product is anything that can be offered to the market to satisfy needs and wants. Product is the first and most important element of the marketing mix. Here, the name of the product is â€Å"Nivea Visage Young†. This has been re-launched in 2007 as Nivea visage Young and this product, aims to stimulate their target market to develop a proper skin care routine. This will help to keep their skin look healthy and beautiful since their early age. It is the most competitive advantage over competitors because is no other product in the market for this purpose. This products target market is not only the above teenage girls, but also mums who buy for their daughter. It is very essential to make a product that meets its target consumers needs and desires if not the product will be a failure. Consequently, the company may be at a greater risk and loose considerable amount of money in the investment, leading to a bad reputation for their brand. Beiersdorf used few approaches to ensure its Nivea Visage Young meet the expectations of their target segment of the market. It kept the parent brand as NIVEA, and used brand extending strategy to this new improved product range which is called â€Å"Nivea Visage Young†. Besides it had an advantage over competitors, as all the competitors were producing only medical products rather than beauty care products. They used market research to find a gap in the market, and then developed a product to fill it. It is very essential to take this type of market oriented approach in order to satisfy its target consumers need and desires. Besides it’s better to focus the product on the customers than offering customers a produce. It is important to have certain characteristics in the product to ensure that it meets the expectations of the target consumer group. Nivea Visage Young showed its concern about the consumer friendliness of this product by removing alcohol in some of the products and using natural ingredients such as sea shells and minerals. Furthermore, it has created a product in a social responsible way, by not testing it on animals. They show its concern about their target market and environment by changing some of the product elements such as reducing packaging and waste by using larger pack sizes and also recyclable plastic containers. All these ensure that Nivea Visage Young is in line with their corporate social responsibility. Pack design is a very important part in the product, because appearance is where customers get their first impression of a product, it is capable of turning the buyers wish to buy on or off. Nivea Visage Young has focus on this by introducing new modern pack design with flowers pattern and softer feminine colors to appeal their target market. It indicates that they are more focused on its market segment, who loves style and fashion. This product provides a unique bridge between teenage and adult market. We will introduce some possible solutions to use that advantage in order to optimize even more Nivea Visage Young brands name in the teenager market segment. Those recommendations can be found in a topic specifically elaborated for this matter, after further analyzing the 4 P’s. Place The Place in the product mix is known as distribution channels or sales points and can be defined as being an organized network of agencies and institution that together and of course through a business deal. It executes all the functions necessary to link the manufacturers to the final users in order to carry on their marketing strategies. Distribution in marketing also means make the product or service available to the customer in the most convenient form it can be acquired. The desired product, with a just price, must be accessible to the customer, it means, in a place where the customer can buy it at the desired moment. The company’s decision about the distributions channels directly affect other decisions in the company and also involve commitments in the long run. This would seem to indicate that choosing the right distributions channels can result in a greater differentiated advantage against the competitors, in its present and future situation in the market. Beiersdof is successfully achieving their goal to have its products as close as possible to consumers. It is happening due to their present decision in choosing the biggest retailers on the high street market. In addition they are also being cost effective, when they choose not to sell directly to smaller accounts, instead the wholesaler who buys their products in bulk is providing these services. Despite the Internet nowadays be a very effective method of purchasing a product, especially within the young costumers, Nivea has chosen to sell their products online only trough their retailers’ website in order to cut costs. A really important consideration is, avoiding high distributions costs and also choosing trusted and well established retailers from the high street market, is a very wise choice. A central question is whether it could also mean that, Nivea reliance on having its products only distributed through those big trusted retailers’ brands, could lead Nivea to a threatening situation. Although it is true that Nivea is a well known brand for its quality skincare products, especially Nivea Visage young leading the teenager marketing, the customers are getting more loyal to the retailers brands than the brands that are sold by them. Also retailers such Boots, Superdrug, Tesco and ASDA have high growing bargain power and are responsible altogether for 100% of Nivea sales in UK. Kotler highlight in his book that, when switching cost are low and exist potential substitutes for the product in the market and when buyers become more concentrated and organized, business can be under threat. In order to avoid those competitive forces the company must always develop superior offers that stronger buyers cannot refuse. Interestingly enough, the switching cost of a skincare product to another with similar quality such as Nutrics Garnier (L’Oreal Paris) or Clear Clean (Johnson Johnson ) is very small because the retailer just need the shelf space to display it to the costumers. Moreover retailers such as Boots and Superdrug’s is increasily competing with its suppliers; creating, developing and promoting its own brands of skincare, toiletry products and offering it with very competitive prices. A good example of what we are trying to explain is the â€Å"Brand issue† between Nivea and Boots published 2 weeks ago by the newspaper Marketing Magazine in UK. Nivea got very angry when they discovered that a Fashion program they are sponsoring on Channel 4, has as one of its task to create a new range of skincare for Boots named Boots â€Å"Gorgeous†. They expect to launch the product on Christmas where purchases are very high. It seems fairly clear that Nivea need to have more options of making its products available to their customers, than through the big high street retailers in order to avoid those threatening situation. We will also introduce some ideas about this matter soon, however, now we will keep analyzing the other P’s. Promotion Promotion means various aspects of marketing communication. This is used by an organization in order to inform the customers about their product and persuade them to buy it. There are two types of promotions. Which are described belo. Above the line are the promotions carried out by companies using mass media, such as TV and newspaper advertisements. These are directly paid for and can reach a large number of potential customers and usually are expensive. In the other hand, below the line promotion focuses on communicating its product message directly to the market, using all the unconventional marketing tools adopted by the firm. This can vary from events, trade fairs, branding, public relations and direct mail. Nivea Visage Young has decided not to use the above the line promotions. In fact, it uses only below the line promotional methods, because it believes that talking directly to its target segment of consumers is more effective than the â€Å"one way† communication using TV and press. It can be further explained when looking at the Nivea Visage Young event promotions around the world, where it tied-up with the affiliated NGO Rock Challenge 2007. This event was to promote awareness of healthier lifestyle choices among students. It was a professional staged event with three hundred and fifty pupils’s aged between 13 to 18 years from five different high schools in Dubi. Rock Challenge is a performing art event incorporating dance, drama and design which provides Dubai school students with an opportunity to express their creativity, talent and art. The challenge is about having fun and making healthy lifestyle choices. This enabled the company to get directly involved in their target teenage segment and work closer to them. Moreover, a company can get information and feedback from its target market while promoting their brand. This is a win-win situation with two way message communication and is a good example for consumer led promotional method adopted by the Nivea Visage young. They are a consumer-led company, meaning, its promotions are carried out by centralizing the customer. Nivea Visage Young promotional strategies are chosen to â€Å"reflect the life style of its audience† and the range of medias available. The market promotions are done in a more interactive and customer friendly manner. It communicates directly with its target teen and mums segment. This method is more market oriented than product oriented. Following are some Nivea Visage Young consumer led promotional routes. Product Samples This is its key part of their strategy, give free samples to customers. Thereby customers have the opportunity to try and experience the product without purchasing the product. These samples are available in websites, samples in stores or in goody bags given out at Visage road shows up and down the country. Nivea Visage Young interactive magazine -â€Å"FY1†. Their brand is promoted across the UK through a campaign based on an interactive online magazine FY1 (.FY1. means fun, young and independent). It focuses on first time experiences relating to Nivea Visage Young being there first skin care routine. It will give useful information for teens such as expert relationship advice, latest music, entertainment news and fashion. All of these will give the girls confidence and support they need to face for the new life experiences in the 21st century. By doing this Bierersdof attempts to develop a deeper connection between Nivea Visage Young and the target teenage girls segment. Once again Nivea takes its opportunity to build the personality of their brand. In addition Nivea Visage Young also recognizes the power of modern social networks sites for young teenager and also has pages on Myspace, Facebook and Bebo. It has promoted a Hit4UK chat show and the TMF digital TV chat show and the TMF digital TV all connected with their target market. Consequently we can say that consumer led promotion aims to make repeat purchases and keep customer loyal to the company in the long run. A survey carried out by the Readers Digest quotes that NIVEA which has been voted as one of the most trusted brand in 15 countries. However by not using above the line channels such as TV, Nivea may face a threat from its competitors. For example L’Oreal caters to their audience by advertising through TV commercials famous and influent celebrities. Despite Nivea Visage young has a differentiated product than their competitors, consumers tend to remember their competitors such as (L’Oreal), rather than Nivea because they advertise heavily in mass media. Further, this will affect the brand image of Nivea Visage Young. Furthermore Nivea also target mums who purchase the product for their daughters. Using only below the line promotions it’s slows down the process of gaining marketing share. In order to cater the mass audience and to generate sales profit they should consider in above the line promotions as well. It is important not only to identify the right promotional method but also to communicate it correctly to customer .If the firm gives wrong product information, then this would result in creating its own graveyard. This happened to the Nivea Visages anti aging cream. Advertising standard authority criticized and banned the advertisement for Nivea DNage Cell Renewal Day Cream because it was misleading. Nevertheless one of Nivea Visages sister brand, Nivea Visage Essentials began screening an advertising campaign on cinema screens countrywide for a six week period recently. Nivea Visage Young could also follow this promotional method as teenagers are more interested in cinema than adults. This will help to bring the brand across in fun and youthful way. Price Price is the amount of money, goods or service that should be given for a product or service in order to obtain it, when consumers buy a product they pay a price and expect to receive the benefits of it. The price is the only component of the marketing mix that generates revenue and is one of the key elements in determining the market share of a company and its profitability. Factors such as the cost of production, target market, company’s objective should be taken in to account when determining the price. Establishing the price of a product or service is not always a simple task. One must consider that, when properly placed, the price of a product can be a key factor to successful a marketing plan. Nivea Visage young probably had to look at many important considerations when decided the pricing strategy of this brand. The price suppose to be higher enough to provide profit to them, but also suppose not be so high in order to not discourage the purchase unless that the product was connected with status. Moreover it could not be too low to not generating in the costumer a felling that is something wrong with the product and depreciate the brands image. Nivea visage young target marketing purchase their products from high street shops or supermarkets while doing their groceries shopping. Consequently, we can say that charging a high price would mean loose marketing share to the competitor. Nivea Visage Young is the price leader in the segment of skincare beautifying needs for young age. A reason for this is that they were the ones that identified the lack of beautifying products for teens and created a product for it. This led the competitors to follow their prices or sometimes even lower it trying to gain marketing share. In order to Nivea maintain their share of marketing they need to adopt a flexible pricing strategy. A skimming price strategy was used in the last launch of â€Å"Nivea Visage Young†, when the price was slightly higher than the first launch in 2005. However, to not lose their market share to competitors that enter in the market at the â€Å"market growth† it means a launch of new competitor’s products, Nivea need a constant review of their price strategy. Interestingly enough to the retailers are given the freedom to use their own sales promotions such as loss leader where they will sell a product bellow the cost, just to gain market share from its competitors. In addition they give discounts and special offer for example. This would seem to indicate that customers would became being more loyal to the retailer, rather than to the Nivea Visage young and also if they keep lowering the price very often it could depreciate the brand image. Possible solutions to improve Nivea Visage Young brand and business. All the product characteristics mentioned that Beiersdorf that Nivea Visage young product met the expectations of its targeted teenage. However, by using its continuous market research, they should consider the necessary changes needed for the product, if teenage needs trends and demands changes often. Additionally, in order to grow Nivea Visage Young brand, it can consider entering to a new segment such as same age group teenage boys segment as they have not entered so far. The reliance of Beiersdorf on the high street shops and big retailers with high bargain power can also be a big treat to their business, to avoid it they should try also sell his products to low bargain power buyers such us beauty centers. Despite in a short term view it would mean increase of costs, in a long term view it would benefit both sides buyer and manufacturer. In one hand it would optimize even more Nivea brand in the skin care product market. Because the opinion of people specialized in skincare recommending the Nivea products would increase the loyalty to the brand. As a matter of fact most of the Nivea Visage Young purchase is made by the mothers when doing groceries shop, however those same mothers also go to beauty center and trust in the opinion of the professionals working there. Moreover that small account would also benefit of having a worldwide trusted skincare brand and Beiersdorf would have more power of bargain in the prices. The decision of Nivea Visage Young of going only in below-the-line promotion is a potential treat and we would suggest using young trusted celebrities in the actual media or even advertising in cinemas that is a common interest place between the young people and so Beiersdorf Nivea image brand would be thoroughly spread to their target market . A fifth P of People should also be added as a extra topping in the market mix cake given that all people that are directly or indirectly involved in the consumption of a service are important part of the marketing mix knowledge ,workers , employees, management and consumers often add a significant value to the total product . Conclusion On the whole we can say that balance is essential when trying to apply marketing mix to the launch of a product, if the company focus more and some P’s than others holes will start to show up in the business doesn’t matter how well they are doing at the present moment. Moreover they need to think outside of the box, because sometimes one more variable is need to balance and give the desired harmony to their aims and objective adding value to the firm in a long term perspective. We have learned that some decisions such as cutting costs, that may seem to be the best for the company interests at that present moment and also seeing as an opportunity for the management view, can become a future threat. Research Papers on Nivea Visage Young CaseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Fifth HorsemanHip-Hop is Art

E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E-Commerce - Essay Example (b) If books can be downloaded online, how will Amazon's business change? And finally, (c) What do traditional stores have to gain from setting up an e-commerce side to complement their retail stores? Advantages and Disadvantages of Selling Books over the Internet According to Conner-Sax and Krol (1999), the advantages of buying books online are as follows: (a) buyers are able to select from a diverse range of options; (2) discounts are offered and easily availed; (3) books that need to be located could be sourced and information could be relayed to the buyers through email; (4) book reviews are available enabling readers to scan through the gist of the content; and (5) these are safe to purchase online in terms of product packaging and physical characteristics. On the other hand, the disadvantages of online purchases of books are: (a) the inability to pick up the actual book and scan through it; (b) shipping costs need to be paid; and (c) there is a waiting time before it can be use d. Effect of Online Books Downloading online books affects Amazon in terms of decline in the number of books sold or to be sold.

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Poetry - Essay Example The first of these poems, Wilfred Owens "Dulce et Decorum Est," is a big example of anti-war poetry. The main theme in this dark poem is definitely war, and it definitely does not show it in a good light. From the very first lines, which describe a group of soldiers as "bent double, like old beggars under sacks, / knock-kneed, coughing like hags" ("Dulce" 1-2), it is clear that this poem is determined to destroy idealized visions of soldiers as glorious defenders of their country. The poem is filled with disturbing images of war, some of which are very realistic. An attack of poison gas is described with unflinching detail, telling how the soldiers, after "an ecstacy of fumbling / [fit] the clumsy helmets just in time" ("Dulce" 9-10). Owen also describes how the unlucky man who did not make it in time was "guttering, choking, drowning" ("Dulce" 16) and how blood was "gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs" ("Dulce" 22). The point of all this is not to gross out the reader, but to ar gue that patriots who "tell with such high zest / to children ... / the old Lie" that was is noble ("Dulce" 25-28) should reconsider their viewpoint. On the other hand, Edward Thomass "This is No Petty Case of Right or Wrong" takes a much more patriotic view. Although the poet seems to argue against war at first, with the lines "I hate not Germans, nor grow hot / With love of Englishmen, to please newspapers" (3-4), as the poem continues it grows clear that what he is protesting is not necessarily hatred of the enemy or love of ones countrymen, but what he perceives as shallow patriotism. This is clear by the end of line four, quoted above, that it is not just for newspapers, or for show, that the poets narrator loves his country. Indeed, for Thomas, it appears impossible to believe that anyone might feel otherwise. It is "with the best and meanest Englishmen / I am one in crying, God save England," he says (19-20), implying

Two approaches to parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two approaches to parenting - Essay Example On the other hand, authoritarian parenting is unresponsive and totalitarian in nature. This implies that while authoritative parenting is indulgent or permissive, authoritarian parenting is neglectful. While authoritarian parenting features child-focused approaches that have high anticipations of maturity, authoritative parenting understands how children feel and teaches how to regulate the feelings (Bernstein 38). Authoritative parents also encourage independence but still limits and controls children’s actions. While children are required to follow rules in the two styles, failure of which results in punishment, the authoritarian style is less democratic than the authoritative style (Bernstein 69). This is because punishment in authoritarian parenting is not explained, meaning children may not know exactly what they were punished for. On the other hand, authoritative parenting is more responsive to children, ready to listen to and answer questions and explain the purpose of punishment. Further, authoritative parents are more likely to forgive and nurture their children rather than punish them in the event of not following rules. Finally, children brought up in the authoritarian style are likely to develop less social competence than those brought up in the authoritative style because they lack self-confidence. On the other hand, authoritative parenting will most likely build higher self-esteem and develops democratic values (Bernstein

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) Overview

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) Overview Coming Soon to a Doctor Near You At the current rate, in 2017, half a million American children will be taken to their doctors and be newly diagnosed with ADHD. Many of them will receive thoughtful and reasonable evaluations and benefit from medication. Another sizable number will be seen by casual clinicians who either bypass the childs real problems or give in to his frustrated parents and teachers. Some of the adolescents will be faking ADHD just to get Adderall for themselves or others. Whatever the actual breakdown, there will be 500,000 new diagnostic visits, millions of follow-ups, ten of millions of pills, and hundreds of millions in sales. Lots of business for everyone. Apparently, this market must expand. The same folks who built todays ADHD machine the same doctors, the same drug companies are already working on tomorrows. A new disorder is being buffed and burnished as you read this. Its name: sluggish cognitive tempo, or SCT. Its kind of like ADHD, but not quite. SCT is a syndrome marked by daydreaming, lethargy, and slowed thinking or behavior. Some SCT researchers claim that they are simply trying to resolve some long-standing confusion about ADHD. SCT attempts to rename the merely inattentive children who have never quite fit the ADHD construct. They say that a many as three million children have the disorder half of them already diagnosed with ADHD. Anyone who gets diagnosed with SCT will find help ready and waiting. Eli Lilly has already enlisted Russell Barkley and other doctorsÂÂ   to investigate how Strattera would treat SCT, too. *** Most countries have cringed at Americans approach to difficult children. They have viewed ADHDs explosion as an American travesty borne of parental impatience and corporate greed. International experts concluded that diagnosing and medicating the most severely hyperactive kids really could be justified. But the criteria for pharmacological intervention were kept far more restrictive. The international community has rejected the APA definitions and instead relied upon what the World Health Organization defines as hyperkinetic syndrome. That diagnosis requires a child to have significant problems in all three of ADHDs symptom groups hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention and includes other barriers to haphazard diagnosis. When applied appropriately, this definition results in 1 to 2 percent of children being told they have the disorder. Some nations, such as Brazil, France, Italy, and Sweden, remain very conservative toward the diagnosis, and especially the medications in cases anything less than dire. The United kingdom, the Netherlands, and Germany have been more liberal in accepting the ADHD concept, to the point that some estimates of diagnosis rates in those countries have reached about 5 percent. As for ADHD drugs, no country has anywhere near the enthusiasm of the United States, which had prescribed more than 90 percent of the worlds amphetamine and methylphenidate. But the rest of the world is catching up. From 2000 through 2010, its consumption of ADHD drugs almost doubled. Concerta had geared up its advertising in Europe. Shires has taken a less direct route to growing its offshore market, educating doctors about ADHD itself so that prescriptions follow. In a medical conference at the National Institute of Health in 2015, Keith Conners spoke at a panel called ADHD Around the World. He recounted his decades in the field, from his work with Leon Eisenberg to minimal brain dysfunction to what he now declared were outrageous rates of ADHD diagnoses. He warned against the imminent world-wide influence of pharmaceutical companies, and all but apologized from his having worked on their behalf for decades. *** Meanwhile, some health officials in Georgia were concerned about how many young children in the state were on ADHD medications. Georgias rate, 6.1 percent, was growing, and disturbing. They called the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and asked Dr. Susanna Visser, the epidemiologist for ADHD, to run the numbers on four- and five-year-olds. Visser discovered that more than ten thousand toddlers kids ages two and three, still in diapers across the United States had been diagnosed as ADHD and put on Adderall, Concerta, and the like. She wrote up a formal report and presented it at a conference on childrens mental health at the Carter Center in Atlanta. The report begged a response from government health agencies to address what was going on here. A few days later, Dr. Tim Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, responded in a blog post, saying that most of the prescriptions for stimulant drugs were not from psychiatrist. Insel was right. Most diagnoses in children are indeed made by pediatricians and family doctors, rather than better-trained and more experienced child psychiatrists, who must receive two extra years of schooling in order to practice. But the United States has only about eight thousand practicing child psychiatrist. Its no wonder that parents prefer seeing someone closer, cheaper, and more familiar with their child: their pediatrician. Unfortunately, most pediatricians were taught about ADHD and stimulants for only a few hours out of the entire seven years in medical school. Two longtime members of ADHDs horn section, Peter Jensen, and Ned Hallowell, have joined Keith Conners to hold seminars across the nation to teach pediatricians how to diagnose ADHD, and how not to diagnose it.

Humorous Wedding Roast by a Fellow Gambler :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech by a Fellow Gambler Ladies and gentlemen, my name is Josh and following the time-honored tradition, I will now do my best to give Roy the most uncomfortable five minutes of his life. For the record, the most uncomfortable five minutes of Joyce's life will be later on this evening, courtesy of Roy. Roy and I became acquainted many years ago, when we had three encounters in one week. I first saw him when he was placing a bet at the Horse Racing track. Then he appeared again at my local pub. And then, unbelievably, he appeared yet again - this time at poker night. It was at this moment that I realized someone very special had entered my life. Yes, I had a stalker! Or as his clothes suggested†¦ a gay stalker! This aside, we soon became friends and being a betting man myself I was immediately impressed by his outstanding knowledge of horse racing. He can name any trainer, jockey or horse which finished 4th or worse in any race in the last five years. But apparently, in the run up to the wedding, Roy’s form at the races has vastly improved and he’s been doing better than he’s ever done before. That’s right, Joyce hasn’t been letting him go. On the subject of betting I have a bit of an issue to raise. It came to my attention earlier that Roy is running a book on the length of the best man's speech. I am sure you will all be glad to know that I got wind of this and, not being known to Roy at the time, I put a tenner on myself to last an hour at the bargain odds of 500-1. So I suggest you top up your glasses and make yourselves comfortable - but do let me know if Roy tries to slip out. Attending university was definitely the best decision Roy ever made. Because he didn’t just meet me, he also met Joyce – who looks absolutely stunning today. October 1993, Roy Solomon, a county swimmer and keen football player, meets Joyce Reeves. And eight years later, Roy hasn’t so much as looked at a swimming pool and doesn’t play football anymore. But all is not lost, I understand he still has a good breaststroke, doesn’t have any problems with his ball control and can certainly use his head, even if he is a bit clumsy around the box.

Explore the Ways In Which Shakespeare Presents Cleopatra Essay

An Elizabethan audience would have already had preconceived ideas about Cleopatra, as this play is based on a true story, and Cleopatra was commented on in ‘North’s Plutarch’, as a â€Å"Pesilent plague†, meaning that she brings death, panic and havoc to wherever she went. Also the audience would have already had preconceived ideas of Cleopatra, due to oral stories, which were passed from generation to generation. In these stories, she was addressed as a high-class prostitute, who lured men, into her bed, so that she could sleep with them to get whatever she wanted, this included Caesar, She had no morality. The stories say that she seduced Antony, and she overwhelmed him. The audience therefore would have been biased against Cleopatra and feel sympathy for Antony. Most of these stories would have been passed on by word of mouth and she would have been cursed on many times, which ‘brain washed’ the next generation and so on. Shakespeare presents Cleopatra as a character of â€Å"Infinite variety† and tries to give a balanced point of view, so as there are not any biased opinions against her. He keeps it balanced by using some multi-facetted approaches; when Antony was dying, she said, â€Å"There is nothing remarkable Beneath the visiting moon† She is saying that now that Antony is dead, there is nothing worth living for. Here it is presented that she does genuinely love Antony, the problem now being that the audience’s ideas are swaying between good and bad, due to her words and actions. But she also says, â€Å"if you find him sad, say I am dancing, if in mirth report that I am sudden sick† Here it is clearly proving that Cleopatra’s love seems that of a teenagers lust or ‘crush’, where she is simply playing mind games with Antony. By now the audience would find Cleopatra unpredictable, confused and unsure about her being genuine for her love to Antony or not. The audience is left to make up their own minds about Cleopatra and certain questions may arise, such as, does she really love Antony? The audience would already have their own preconceived ideas of Cleopatra, which could have been planted in the minds of an Elizabethan audience, through morality stories. The audience might have known that the Roman Empire was a very strict and political place and era, and Antony was not abiding by the Roman standards or laws, because of the attraction of Cleopatra, who they could blame for the downfall. Also during Roman rule, and for centuries later, women were frowned upon even if they spoke so what would the Elizabethan audience think of the audacity, let alone tone of Cleopatra’s dialogue. In the first scene of Antony and Cleopatra, two of Antony’s soldiers in his army, (Philo and Demetrious) discuss Antony’s enslavement to Cleopatra. They say that which is confirmed by the entrance of Antony and Cleopatra. Cleopatra shows insecurity, towards Antony straight from her opening line â€Å"If it be love indeed, tell me how much†, Antony goes on to say â€Å"Let Rome in timber melt and the wide arch of the rang’d empire fall! Here is my space. † Here Antony is saying forget Rome I want to stay in Egypt, which shows how Cleoptara had already influenced Antony and even after this strong image and speech, she is still not impressed.

Free Essays on The Summary

According to a college freshman student, it is believed that Aristotle’s was known as one of the first ancient Greeks scholars, in the world, to have been a psychologist. In fact, Aristotle’s treatise on rhetoric has been called the â€Å"world’s first discussion of psychology.† â€Å"The psychological aspect of his treatise comprises about twenty of the several hundred pages Aristotle devoted to his discussion of the â€Å"available means of persuasion, one way of defining the term rhetoric † (Tefertiller 67). Nevertheless, psychology depicts one of the oldest living contents on what Aristotle called an â€Å"invention†Ã¢â‚¬â€œmeaning the right things to tell to a group. Aristotle used psychology to help people be able to understand how to speak to large groups so they can be ready for any upcoming speeches. Present is something that Aristotle wrote about peoples minds who are at ease. â€Å"It is clear also that people are calm wh en their state of mind is the opposite of being angry: for example, in play, in laughter, at a feast, in prosperity, in success, in fulfillment, generally in the absence of pain and in pleasure that does not come from insulting anybody and in reasonable expectation of the future. Supplementary, [they are calm if] their anger has cooled with time and is not in its first stage; for time makes anger cease† (Barley 45). A lot of professors have committed their existence to exploring Aristotle’s writings, mainly his discourse on language. People say that it is to be believed one of the most talented works on persuasion, especially from the early times. If it wouldn’t have been for this discourse on language as a necessary need for political and social betterment, we may have not achieved its apex for thousands of years to come. â€Å"Clearly, Aristotle’s work on the art of persuasion was a powerful force of social, indeed, even individual improvement,† said Loel Robertson. Now if you ever hea... Free Essays on The Summary Free Essays on The Summary According to a college freshman student, it is believed that Aristotle’s was known as one of the first ancient Greeks scholars, in the world, to have been a psychologist. In fact, Aristotle’s treatise on rhetoric has been called the â€Å"world’s first discussion of psychology.† â€Å"The psychological aspect of his treatise comprises about twenty of the several hundred pages Aristotle devoted to his discussion of the â€Å"available means of persuasion, one way of defining the term rhetoric † (Tefertiller 67). Nevertheless, psychology depicts one of the oldest living contents on what Aristotle called an â€Å"invention†Ã¢â‚¬â€œmeaning the right things to tell to a group. Aristotle used psychology to help people be able to understand how to speak to large groups so they can be ready for any upcoming speeches. Present is something that Aristotle wrote about peoples minds who are at ease. â€Å"It is clear also that people are calm wh en their state of mind is the opposite of being angry: for example, in play, in laughter, at a feast, in prosperity, in success, in fulfillment, generally in the absence of pain and in pleasure that does not come from insulting anybody and in reasonable expectation of the future. Supplementary, [they are calm if] their anger has cooled with time and is not in its first stage; for time makes anger cease† (Barley 45). A lot of professors have committed their existence to exploring Aristotle’s writings, mainly his discourse on language. People say that it is to be believed one of the most talented works on persuasion, especially from the early times. If it wouldn’t have been for this discourse on language as a necessary need for political and social betterment, we may have not achieved its apex for thousands of years to come. â€Å"Clearly, Aristotle’s work on the art of persuasion was a powerful force of social, indeed, even individual improvement,† said Loel Robertson. Now if you ever hea...

-ette French Suffix Lesson and Examples

s Suffix -et / -ette Type of suffix nominal, adjectival Gender of words with suffix -et masculine / -ette feminine The French suffix -et and its feminine -ette is a diminutive that can be added to nouns, verbs (to make nouns), adjectives, and names. Nouns When added to a noun, the suffix -et refers to a smaller version of that noun. un livret - booklet(added to un livre - book)un jardinet - little garden(added to un jardin - garden)une cigarette - cigarette(added to un cigare - cigar)une fillette - little girl(added to une fille - girl) Note: the English word brunette actually means une petite brune - short female with dark hair. Its the French noun brune (female with dark hair) plus the diminutive -ette. What English speakers call a brunette would just be une brune in French. Verbs Verbs may drop their infinitive ending and take -et or -ette to make a noun related to that verb. un fumet - aroma(added to fumer - to smoke, cure)un jouet - toy(added to jouer - to play)une amusette - amusement, diversion(added to amuser - to amuse, have fun)une sonnette - bell(added to sonner - to ring) Adjectives -et softens adjectives, so that the new one means kind of, sort of, somewhat plus whatever the original adjective means. Note that the suffix is added to the feminine form of the original adjective.gentillet / gentillette - fairly nice, kind of nice(added to gentille, feminine form of gentil - nice)jaunet / jaunette - yellowish, yellowy, slightly yellow(added to jaune - yellow)mignonnet / mignonnette - small and cute, kind of cute(added to mignonne, feminine form of mignon - cute)mollet / mollette - somewhat soft(added to molle, feminine form of mou - soft) Names It was once common for both masculine and feminine names to have -et or -ette added, respectively. Today, the masculine diminutives are mostly family names, whereas suffixed feminine names are still in common usage as given names. In addition, -ette may be added to traditionally masculine names to make them feminine. Annette (added to Anne)Jeannette (added to Jeanne)Pierrette (added to Pierre)Guillaumet (added to Guillaume)Huguet (added to Hugues) French names Spelling notes When the suffix -et / -ette is added to a verb, the infinitive ending is removed first: jouer jouet.Any silent letters at the end of a word are dropped before adding the suffix: mignonne mignonnet, Hugues Huguet.

Surveillance in the Workplace A Violation of Human Rights Essay

Surveillance in the Workplace A Violation of Human Rights - Essay Example The first type used by companies is computer monitoring. â€Å"Computer-based monitoring is the use of computerized systems to automatically collect information about how an employee is performing his or her job" (George 459). For employees doing data entry, some corporations monitor their performance by installing a computer software which can check the keystroke speed and accuracy. Some software can monitor how much time an employee surfs the net and what sites they visit. There are companies which even monitor the emails of their employees without their knowledge. Another type of employee monitoring system is the video surveillance. Turk explains that this type of surveillance is â€Å"used by employers for detecting employee misconduct (particularly theft), monitoring job performance and efficiency, and assuring conformance with safety procedures† (qtd. inMorgan , par 13). Most organizations today install closed -circuit television (CCTV) cameras in various parts of their offices. Outside the office, employees are monitored through the global positioning system (GPS).

TRAINING AND APPRAISALS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TRAINING AND APPRAISALS - Essay Example which are practical tests about a person’s actual job skills and talents, â€Å"but these tests prove unreliable in predicting the performance of new hires† (Jones, 2000, p.118). The 360 Degree Feedback process helps to predict future performance of a worker by measuring all of their current job role activities and how they interact at the professional and social level with customers and coworkers. It is more reliable as a tool than other traditional human resources performance appraisals. â€Å"Organizations need to regularly and systematically audit, evaluate and continually improve their performance appraisal systems† (Wilson and Western, 2001, p.93). It seems that traditional performance appraisals, which do not include 360 degree feedback, are not giving businesses the results they are looking for in regards to human resources. Therefore, they are looking for ways to monitor and change these processes to make them more efficient. At the human resources level, the 360 Degree Feedback system avoids having to go through the process of auditing and improving appraisal systems because the 360 degree process views the entire organization. For example, an employee who works in telemarketing might receive feedback from customers which indicate that the worker is unprofessional and lacks technical knowledge of client information. However, at the internal level, the worker is adored at the social level and has a great interpersonal relationship with colleagues and m anagers. The 360 Degree Feedback system would identify these client/worker failures right away, therefore less time is wasted in ongoing auditing. It is a tool which provides better insight into worker function from all levels. The 360 Degree Feedback system also corrects issues of accuracy in performance appraisals, due to the fact that â€Å"virtually every problem is related to accuracy in one way or another† (Chandra, 2006, p.34). There could a manager in a division who has a certain dislike for one of

The irrational side of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The irrational side of change - Essay Example employees, capability building, role modeling by the managers that enable the employees realize the new change of character in their seniors and reinforcement of different mechanisms within the organization. Human nature is usually the major determinant of the level of success in implementing change in an organization. Human nature can hinder the successful implementation of change through the application of the four conditions explained in achieving success. In telling a compelling story, it is likely that not all employees will be impressed it. It is evident that a story that motivates one person will not have the same motivation on another employee. It is important that the employees get to narrate their own change story rather than the leaders being the ones to do so because the employees will be more committed to the result. In role modeling, the executives often believe that they are the core determinants of change in the organization without realizing that they too need to change (Price & Lawson, P. 15, 2003). To realize change it is important that various structures, processes, and systems are reinforced which can be achieved by rewarding the employees on the achievements unexpectedly. This will have a great impact on the organization’s performance because the impression is likely to last in them (Priestland & Hanig, p.113, 2005). Capability building is usually important in implementing change among the employees because what employees feel, belief and think will significantly drive their behavior. Skill building is important in implementing change but the employees should be allowed to practice what they learn and that barriers that hinder employees from practicing new skills should be